Rhetorical Analysis Of Hester Prynne - 862 Words

In his work â€Å"On the Scarlet Letter,† D.H. Lawrence addresses the controversial character of Hester Prynne. He is just one of many critics who have analyzed Nathaniel Hawthorne’s fictional character, where some look to her as a hero and others blatantly shame her for her sin. Lawrence makes up the latter of this crowd, and is able to prove his case in a very meaningful manner. The critic believes that Hawthorne sugarcoats Hester’s image, and tries to make it look as if she is the victim of the tale. Disregarding this sympathy, he addresses the root cause of her sin rather than its consequences. As he writes, he uses a multitude of literary techniques to help convince readers of Hester’s seemingly evil character, using descriptive diction, a†¦show more content†¦He does this sarcastically and in a way that provokes a reaction out of the reader. Nonetheless, he goes on to mock the couple and point out how Hester had purposely ruined a once pure man in Dimmesdale. Instead of being depicted as the victim as Hawthorne does, Lawrence uses this line to point the woman out as a villain. Eager to assert his point, he further mentions that â€Å"When Hester Prynne seduced Arthur Dimmesdale it was the beginning of the end† (Lawrence). Insulting the woman, Lawrence continues to imply on how it was all Hester’s fault that everything fell apart. She had initiated the romance and from there nothing was ever the same. In this case, he states it figuratively by over exaggerating on how her actions would doom them all for the â€Å"end.† It is with this tone that the reader knows what judgements Lawrence holds for Hester, and on how the rest of his paper would play out. Biblical allusion is the final device used to attack Hester Prynne and her sin. Using these, Lawrence is able to illustrate his beliefs and connect Hester’s wrongdoings to other literary works. He first takes on the character of Pearl, remarking on how as an infant she was â€Å"to redeem the world† and on how â€Å"It will be a startling redemption the world will get from [this] American infant† (Lawrence). While this quote does attack Pearl, it also shames her mother. Being the living example of Hester’s sin, Pearl is compared to the holy being of JesusShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1359 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters Chillingworth, Dimmesdale, and Hester and how they change from the sin. In the beginning Chillingworth is painted as a man â€Å"well stricken in years, a pale, [and] thin† (6) man that slithers into the market place. After finding out that his wife, Prynne, has committed adultery he blames himself by saying he â€Å"betrayed [Hester’s] budding youth into false and unnatural relation with his decay† (78). By saying this, he is telling her that he married young Hester without acknowledging who she is asRead More New Historicism, Feminist Criticism and Deconstruction in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter3014 Words   |  13 Pagesis necessary. Critical perspectives at a glance Feminist Criticism, New Historicism and Deconstruction share at least one common ground: They are part of contemporary critical perspectives. The literary text serves as a basis for further analysis of which poststructuralist methods are then applied in order to arrive at an interpretation. The general assumption that the three different perspectives are related to poststructuralist criticism seems to conflict with our knowledge of historical

Soc 239 Child Welfare Essay - 1025 Words

Kadiatou bah November 27, 2016 SOC 239: Child Welfare You Gotta Believe is one of the few organizations in the U.S and the only organization in the New York City Metro area that limits its practice to finding permanent parents and families for young adults, teens, and pre-teens in the foster care system. You Gotta Believe was founded in 1995 by Pat O’Brien, a Brooklynite working in New York City on preventing homelessness noticed a peculiar pattern: when reviewing surveys of adults in homeless shelters, he found that as many as 50% had spent time in foster care. Pat realized that youth who were leaving the foster care system had nowhere to go and were often finding themselves homeless. He thought it unrealistic to imagine that youth ages 18-21 would be prepared to make it on their own in today’s society after being turned out onto the streets by the foster care system. Those teens needed permanent parents just as much as younger youth who are most often considered ready for adoption. Working with a group of adoptive parent s and young people who aged out of care, Pat conceived the idea of You Gotta Believe. Numerous studies have shown that youth who age out of the system face a grim future from lack of education and lack of employment, they also face higher rates of early pregnancy, incarceration, poor health, and homelessness. The longer children are in care, the further behind they fall academically with each placement and school disruption. 56% of youth in care changeShow MoreRelatedSocioeconomic Status Essay3746 Words   |  15 PagesSocioeconomic Status and Child Development Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the most widely studied constructs in the social sciences. Several ways of measuring SES have been proposed, but most include some quantification of family income, parental education, and occupational status. Research shows that SES is associated with a wide variety of health, cognitive, and socioemotional outcomes in children, with effects beginning prior to birth and continuing into adulthood. A variety of mechanismsRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages10 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment women, because women more than men tend to interrupt careers for child rearing. To respond to these concerns employers are facing growing pressures to provide â€Å"family-friendly† policies and benefits. The assistance given by employers ranges from maintaining references on child-care providers to establishing onsite child-care and elder-care facilities. Also, employers must have HR policies that comply with legislation requiring many employersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSUPPORTIVELY 234 SKILL ASSESSMENT 234 Diagnostic Surveys for Supportive Communication Communicating Supportively 234 Communication Styles 235 SKILL LEARNING 238 Building Positive Interpersonal Relationships 238 The Importance of Effective Communication 239 The Focus on Accuracy 240 What Is Supportive Communication? 242 Coaching and Counseling 244 Coaching and Counseling Problems 245 Defensiveness and Disconfirmation 246 Principles of Supportive Communication 247 Supportive Communication Is Based on CongruenceRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesquality, environmental sustainability, and natural resources conservation in east Africa. For example, Starbucks paid Ethiopian coffee farmers a 75 percent premium over market prices, believing this was better than passing out the equivalent in welfare.14 One wonders, however, as sales and profits confront recessionary times, whether it can maintain its social responsibility against pressure from investors and creditors. UPDATE—GOING INTO 2008 In early January 2008, Schultz, the company’sRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAppraisal with the Employee 237 Initiate Corrective Action if Necessary 237 Appraisal Methods 237 Evaluating Absolute Standards 237 Critical Incident Appraisal 238 Checklist Appraisal 238 Graphic Rating Scale Appraisal 238 Forced-Choice Appraisal 239 Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales 240 Relative Standards Methods 241 Group Order Ranking 241 Individual Ranking 241 Paired Comparison 241 WORKPLACE ISSUES: A Special Case of a Career: Entrepreneurship 222 Enhancing Your Career Summary 224 Demonstrating

Leg 100 (Business Law) Free Essays

Social Media plays a vital role in all aspects of businesses nowadays. It has helped in turning communications into interactive dialogues among organizations, communities and individuals which has led to a much proper propagation of information. It may include web based or mobile based technologies and the existence in multiple forms has made it all the more tempting and has become a necessity today in the business world. We will write a custom essay sample on Leg 100 (Business Law) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The four characteristics of a legally astute manager, include an acceptance of how important the law is to the success of the organization, a proactive attitude toward legal issues and regulations the ability to use informed judgment when faced with decisions involving legal implications, and having the knowledge of specific laws, regulations, tools and resources. A social media marketing manager must be specific in these qualifications due to the fairly new concept of social media when comparing it to other avenues of marketing like television, print and radio (Franklin, B. ). Most company’s main goal is to keep its costs low. Companies do so by creating their own logistics and distribution of their products. They have managed to reduce costs by demanding high productivity from their employees, but wages paid do not meet the demand. They have also pushed many of their suppliers to outsource their products so they can produce more at a lower cost. Wal-Mart as an example attempts to conduct business practices by the law, but over the years have been subjected to over 5,000 lawsuits ranging from discrimination to unfair labor practices, which means that members of the corporation may not be following the laws as stated. There are also problems with suburban sprawl and lost jobs from outsourcing. List and analyze methods of alternative dispute resolution and determine which would be most effective in resolving genuine disputes that arise with consumers who may make purchases from businesses that provide links via social media. Resolving a dispute should always be thought out before any approach is attempted. The effect could sometime be more damaging than the initial problem. One should always consider the â€Å"what ifs† and the â€Å"if this, then what.† I personally have always been the type to give thought before reacting. Always begin to solve a dispute through negotiation. The dispute being between two people in a group, the first step will be: negotiate before the issue has to come up again. If the dispute is still unresolved then we will move to the next step. The second approach will combine negotiation and mediation. Always pick a team leader and rely on the team leader to be the mediator for the dispute between the two team members, so that they can negotiate their dispute. If the team leader is one with the dispute, then we will rely on the next appointed leader to mediate the situation. If there is no progress with the dispute, always follow-up try to resolve it through mediation or arbitration. This step dictates that: The leader of the group will take the dispute to the appropriate leader; there the leader will take the proper course of action needed for this dispute to be resolved. If the dispute is manageable, the leader will be able to mediate and will not need to take forceful action. Mediation is also an informal alternative to litigation. Mediators are individuals trained in negotiations, who bring opposing parties together and attempt to work out a settlement or agreement that both parties accept or reject. Mediation is used for a wide gamut of case-types ranging from juvenile felonies to federal government negotiations with Native American Indian tribes. Mediation has also become a significant method for resolving disputes between investors and their stock brokers. Since consumer transactions on social media can occur across state lines, determine how the federal government can best control these transactions. It has often been seen that social networking sites such as Facebook, MMS, Twitter, and etc. become a media in spreading propaganda through video clippings and messages of incidents with communal overtones – instigating hatred among various communities leading to flaring up of the communal situation. In the present legal framework, control of such social networking sites is required to be done by central government. We are extremely lucky to live in a country where we have the freedom of speech. I can’t even begin to fathom the  thought of the government being able to control our right of free speech. The government definitely does not have the right to control social media; social media is a way to freely express your thoughts, opinions and ideas. One of the primary issues with how the state seeks to control social media, or technologies overall, is that they are coming at it in the wrong direction. It seems that existing policies are simply being updated to be made to apply to social networking, when in fact what is needed is a complete overhaul of the system when it comes to concepts such as copyright and privacy. The fact is that these concepts will never be the same again. It is almost difficult to imagine that these concepts will exist at all in the future, as social technology has turned everything on its head. We’re seeing this come into fruition in the music industry right now, which is in a complete mess because old copyright laws that came into existence in the 1700’s are largely still expected to apply today. The issue of government control of data and users’ privacy is coming into the fore now because of the increasing amount of data that social networks hold on us. And not only is this growing in volume, but also in type. It is no longer just about browsing history, but social platforms contain varying forms of data that give a complete make-up of our person. While this contributes to things such as targeted demographic advertising, which I am an advocate of overseeing irrelevant banner ads, the government of course needs to step in here. Social networks, as privately owned companies will naturally be motivated by what gives them the best profit margin. While this may occur alongside a desire to unite people. We can only trust our governments to develop policies which don’t have this capitalist desire in mind. Yet what we’re seeing are policies that could seriously hinder the growth of the social networking industry (Pearson). Examine the three (3) branches of government and discuss which can effectuate the most significant impact on regulating consumer transactions via social media outlets. Support your decision. Our federal government has three parts. They are the Executive, (President and about 5,000,000 workers) Legislative (Senate and House of Representatives) and Judicial (Supreme Court and lower Courts). The President of the United States administers the Executive Branch of our government. He enforces the laws that the Legislative Branch (Congress) makes. The Legislative part of our government is called Congress. Congress makes our laws. The Judicial part of our federal government includes the Supreme Court and 9 Justices. They are special judges who interpret laws according to the Constitution. (Brinkmann, R. , Garren, S. ) I personally see the judicial court as being the most important and having the biggest impact toward social media. If someone is getting sued by another individual about a post or picture that they may have posted on their personal social media site, the judicial court would oversee the case if the individual puts forth the freedom of speech fight. This being a constitutional right, the other individual would have to prove to the Supreme Court that what was written or posted was in fact un-constitutional and not just freedom of speech. Explain the agency relationship that exists on social media sites between the social media provider and businesses that utilize the site for advertising. Online advertising, uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers. It includes email marketing, search engine marketing, social media marketing, many types of display advertising (including web banner advertising), and mobile advertising. Like other advertising media, online advertising frequently involves both a publisher, who integrates advertisements into its online content, and an advertiser, who provides the advertisements to be displayed on the publisher’s content. Other potential participants include advertising agencies who help generate and place the ad copy, an ad server who technologically delivers the ad and tracks statistics, and advertising affiliates who do independent promotional work for the advertiser. Social Media is a platform that is easily accessible to anyone with internet access. Increased communication for organizations fosters brand awareness and often, improved customer service (Zeff, R. , Aronson, B. ). Social media marketing programs usually center on efforts to create content that attracts attention and encourages readers to share it with their social networks. A corporate message spreads from user to user and presumably resonates because it appears to come from a trusted, third-party source, as opposed to the brand or company itself. I know the advertising works on social media sites, because I have seen something on the side and visited that particular site and actually purchased an item. I may not have even been thinking about purchasing that item, but after seeing it advertised or either on sale I was persuaded to go to the site and take a look. How to cite Leg 100 (Business Law), Papers

Trade and Industrial Policy of Australia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTrade and Industrial Policy of Australia . Answer: Introduction This article is to emphasize on the trade and industrial policy of Australia by Allan Fena to derive shaping up of comparative advantage of the subject. There are five parts of this article which are furnished below in five paragraphs. Main objectives of the paragraphs are given below to answer the questions as per requirement of the article: The basic of the article with emphasizing on the main issue of the article The article is about the evolution of trade and industrial policy in Australia. This article gives an outlook about how a resource based Australian economy has turned into import substitution industrialization since federation. In early 20th century, the structure of the Australian economy was export oriented. GDP of Australia has started from 12% in early 20th century. Then in 1961 it had achieved its highest peak of 29%. This economy had started to fall down after its peak season and fell to 14% in 2000 and in 2014 it has arrived at 6.4%. Australian economy was headed by mining, aquaculture, hunting, agriculture and fishing. Iron and Coal ore were two main export products of Australia for which it was called 'quarry economy '. After attempt to promote economic diversification in Australia, it is felt that the country has come back to the point where it started century ago. This article basically tried to explain the various reasons and underlying issues which are instrumental to be come an industrial economy was a mistake. It shows the present situation. This article tried to rule out the causes of shifting a natural resources based economy to an industrial economy, from an export based economy to import based economy with the related problems and subsequent solutions for it.(Commission, 2016) Australia is a small, rich and industrial country but not so advanced with its economy like that of European countries. Australia is very rich in natural resources from time beginning. It had one of best wool which was exported to England's mills. In 18th century, people were coming for settlement and possessed large farmlands to produce best quality of wool with the objective to export that to England. Thus workforce had better knowledge in agriculture in comparison to industrialization. This practice facilitates towards growth in domestic demand as well as foreign demand. Australian economy was export dependent but it was not fixed by the market force. It was never allowed by the direction of economic development. This point was raised by the supporters of diversification as vulnerable. But the supporter of comparative advantage argued that Australia has shown its worst performance when it altered its direction of development. Australia proved Adam Smith by doing extremely well fro m its natural advantages that free market and free trade is best. This article is raising a valid question about the interference and regulation of that potential economy by the government of Australia. Now the country is facing extraordinary resource boom and it is exhausted now. Does it worth to promote competitiveness supported by government? It expresses worries that why a rich and wealthy country like Australia does not remain its position in 21st century. Is open economy a threat for a country which has abundant of natural resources?(Maddock R, 1987) The derivation of the concepts the article demonstrates Australia attracted white people from Europe for its huge natural resources and agricultural potentiality. These resources financially helped Australia through export to lead the standard of life as per the benchmark of first world. Thus the Australian community lived there, survived and thrived. This development of economics actually led exploitation of natural resources and agriculture also. If an economy depends on commodity exports then capital has an inward flow, which leads to develop capital equipment with growth in manufacturing goods for domestic consumption. At the end of 19th century, Australia was the wealthiest country so far per capita income in the world. It was definitely an example for a colony. Australia achieved this position by exporting wool and gold. Thus Australian economy had its limitations depending on two products. Comparative advantage of Australia depends in primary products and the theory stated of free trade. According to Adam Smith, the free trade is t o allow its resources to allocate most efficiently, exporting the best production and importing the rest (McCord, 1970). But Australia is equipped with abundant land resources and scarcity of labour and capital which is the paradox of Australian economy. So its natural comparative advantage lies in the exploitation of natural resources. Hence, diversification was only one way to deal with this situation to reduce exploitation of natural resources. To extend the economy, diversification is one answer for dependency of few products. Over dependency on few products has both short and long run vulnerability(Leonard, 1987). Depending on commodities means entering into the commodity cycle which has both good and bad times. This cycle may be either excess of demand or depressing shortage. This is the time when government should intervene to channelize the development in a better direction. Generally government has two options. One is to shelter for ensuring protection of domestic industry from competition and second is to provide materials for local industry (Lusztig, 1962). Normally government imposes a tax on imported goods to protect local products which is called protective tariff. This step becomes political because if export depending country imposes protective tariff then its export obviously is to be internationally challenged. Some experts argued that protectionism have turned a flawed decision but this is not true in fact. Actually this decision had mixed results. The policy was successful because it has fostered large manufacturing sector which accelerated the growth and development of Australia. But in the contrary it was a clear failure because industrial policy with protectionism refers inefficient manufacturing sector which was unable to cope up with the economic development.(Wilson, 2013) Main theories, which are drawn upon by this article The article draws upon the attempt of economic diversification in manufacturing sectors in Australia through import substitution industrialization (ISI) (Attard, n.d.). The decision to develop manufacturing sector was a big mistake and had an adverse effect. Australia imposed protective tariff. In 1866, first protective tariff was introduced. In 1908 the Commonwealth Customs Tariff was introduced and then Lyne Tariff was introduced. After First World War during Great Depression, protectionism had great advantage in Australian economy. It did not pose any challenge to the autonomy of business. Protective tariff was supported and imposed by several governments. But in 1991, the Hawke Government decided to phase out of tariff protection, Australian settlement were dismantled. Import Substitution industrialization was abandoned because it failed to do its role. The ISI was a faulty decision because in 1980's, current account deficit rose from less than 2% to almost 6% of GDP (Sims, 2013) . In 1986, Australian dollar collapsed in value and Treasurer stated Australia as a third rate economy, A banana republic. As Australia has been suffering from declining economic development since the Second World War. And definitely the result was due to protectionism. Economists Kim Anderson and Ross Garnaut argued that Australian economy is paying as it is trying to oppose the laws of economics; some economists argued that without protectionism Australian economy would have been a smaller, weaker, less diversified economy. Protectionism was widely used in the late 19th and early 20th century. ISI strategy was impressively successful because value added grew at least 50% faster in manufacturing than other sectors in the economy. Employment growth was nearly double in manufacturing sectors. In early 20th century Australia became high income country only through expansion of manufacturing sectors. The ISI strategy had also resulted in capital widening. Due to this strategy, Australi a has emerged in job creations due to industrialization. But the problem is quality of jobs were not up to the mark. Butler argued in 1972 that a small economy is said to be industrialized until it could export complex manufacturing goods without state's intervention like subsidisation. Actually with protectionism, the manufacturing sectors grew up without competition and this leads to toll for any economy (Jericho, 2012). Structurally the economy never been diversified and must have lacking economies of scale. Australian consumers had to pay extensively for this strategy. They had to compromise with global standard as imports were restricted. Australian manufacturing sectors failed to provide the product range and quality available overseas. Australian economy adopted ISI strategy was not the problem (Anon., 2017). Problem was that the strategy was taken for a long period of time. Mill stated that protectionism is good as a defensive measure for a short period as a temporary measur e (Chenhall, 1984). Australian economy was forced to review its protectionism with the Uruguay Round. After this Uruguay Round, agricultural products were to get new opportunities for improved market access which made tariff reduction attractive. Already Australia was facing East Asian countries aggressive export led economy (Carson, 2010). Derivation of the hypotheses, ideologies and values Australian governments were dismantled progressively the ISI strategy. Australian economy was under continuous experiments in more active industry policy. Hawke government renewed industrial policy through the accord and sectorial industry plans. All manufacturing sectors like PMV, steel, heavy engineering and textile were targeted. Government was to give efforts to purchase as a development lever, tax concessions for research and development were introduced and most importantly export promotion was set up. In 1992, Australian economy seemed to move beyond protective state truly. Australia's industry policy was less grand nature. Some combination of the reforms was lower exchange rate and active industry policy. During 1980's and 1990's, manufacturing sectors doubled its share of goods and services. Shifting from ISI strategy, import was more increased beyond its calculations. After recession of 1990-91, slow recovery of economy started with fiscal and macroeconomic consideration to restructure the economy. And this was the main priority of new economic policies. In 1996 with coalition came back, focus was on imposing economies rather than by launching new program during first budget. Coalition gave privilege to PMV and textile, clothing and footwear industries as these are stated as sacred cow of the Australian economy. According to Adam Smith, Australia suffered lack of open or market economy in Australia (Oslington, 2013). A market economy is consisted by resources like land, labour and capital. These resources are owned by individual and controlled in the market place. In this system, government has a very small role to play. This system also features two important forces like self-interest and competition. This theory is about 200 years old, but still it is relevant in todays global economy. Australian economy did not follow this theory and paid a toll on its economies. The most well-known theory of population is the Malthusian theory (Huzel, 2006). He stated that food increase in arithmetical ratio but man himself increases in geometrical ratio. So for development in any society, population has to be controlled. If population control is not ensured, economy cannot be developed. Spencer argued that in this world only the fittest could survive. (Spencer, 1884) So in economy, if protectionism for long run is to given to an economy, it cannot sustain because without competitiveness one cannot survive. In case of Australian economy, when it was under protection, China was emerged as leading exporter in global market with cost effectiveness. (Taylor, 2010) Comparative advantage was first described by David Ricardo. Comparative advantage occurs when a country produces a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another. This means a country can produce a good relatively cheaper than other countries. This theory leads to protectionism but in global economy international trade has an impact due to protectionism. (Maneschi, 1998) The basic argument of the article with the derivation of its effectiveness Now the question is all the resources are to end at one day. Australia has to think whether Australian economy is to develop a more vigorous manufacturing and traded services sector (Janda, 2017). This debate remains a fundamental difference of opinion between interventionist and non-interventionist. Capital market is imperfect and so market can be failing. This is now well accepted and understood. In 1997, Marceau report said that innovation is one of vital element where Australian economy actually failed to perform (Hughes, 1997). So in 2000, the Howard Government launched its most important industry policy statement. This policy was based upon enhanced research across a range of programs. In 2015, the coalition government changed its shift to the idea of innovation, translation into competitive firms and products should be the main target of Australian economy. The 2015 Australian innovation system report announced the defence Procurement as a support for local manufacturing indus try (Anon., 2015). Next generation submarines are now constructed in Australia. It is a huge shift which advocates trade and business with needs of more active government role. Australian economy did very well with its abundant and various resources and performance was too good globally. It took very less time to become rich and potential economy. With tariff protection, Australian economy eventually shifted to market enhancing economy with introduction of brisk competition. These reforms would invigorate the manufacturing sectors and grew extensively with rationalism. It became more efficient and competitive in nature. Australia took time and did respond hesitantly towards market economy. This hesitancy has both bad and good impact. It seemed to be rewarded and made compulsory back to the resource based political economy which is its basic nature. Australian economy can engage much more systematic transformation to promote industry growth. As Australia suffered from fewer comparati ve disadvantages, shifting from manufacturing to services was proved good. Services are closely related to manufacturing and Australia needs time to establish a strong position in high value service sectors. References: Anon., 2015. Australian Innovation Report- 2015. Mark Cully, Chief Economist. Anon., 2017. Australian economic Review. Wiley Online Library, 50(3). Attard, B., n.d. The Economic Hostory of Australia from 1788- AN Introduction. [Online] Available at: https://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economic-history-of-australia-from-1788-an-introduction/ [Accessed 25th october 2017]. Australian, T., 2013. The Weekend Australian. [Online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/business-spectator/australia-urged-to-diversify-economy/news-story/dad48c19861bac7b93eb3c20faee3a04 [Accessed 21 October 2017]. Carson, D., 2010. Political economy, demography and development in Australia's Northern Territory. Wiley Online Library. Chan, D.T.W., 2016. THE RISKS TO AUSTRALIAS ECONOMIC MIRACLE. Wall Street Journal . Chenhall, R.H., 1984. DIVERSIFICATION WITHIN AUSTRALIAN MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE. Wiley Online Library-Journal of Management Studies. Commission, A.T.a.I., 2016. Australia offers a diversified economy for investors. [Online] Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/international/invest/investor-updates/2016/australia-offers-a-diversified-economy-for-investors [Accessed 21 October 2017]. Hughes, H., 1997. Industrial Policy For Australia. Economic Analysis. Australian National Unviersity. Huzel, J.P., 2006. The Popularization of Malthus in Early Nineteenth-century England. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Janda, M., 2017. Australia's economy: The Murphy's Law forecast for 2017. [Online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-06/murphys-law-guide-to-australian-economy/8163918 [Accessed 21st October 2017]. Jericho, G., 2012. Then and now: looking back at the economy. [Online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-06-13/jericho-then-and-now3a-the-australian-economy/4067976 [Accessed 21st October 2017]. Leonard, G., 1987. Foreign Trade and The National Economy-Mercantilist and Classical Perspectives. The McMilan Press Limited. Lusztig, M., 1962. The Limits of Protectionism-Building Coalition for free Trade. University of Pittsburgh Press. Maddock R, M.I.W., 1987. The Australian Economy in the Long Run. Mahroum S, A.-S.Y., 2016. Economic Diversification Policies in Natural Resource Rich Economies. Maneschi, A., 1998. Comparative Advantage in International Trade: A Historical Perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing. McCord, N., 1970. Free trade: theory and practice from Adam Smith to Keynes. David and Charles. Oslington, P., 2013. Economics from the perspective of eternity: The theology of Adam Smith. [Online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2013/02/21/3695467.htm [Accessed 21st October 2017]. Sims, R., 2013. Australias experience driving economic growth through competition policy reforms. [Online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/speech/australia%E2%80%99s-experience-driving-economic-growth-through-competition-policy-reforms [Accessed 21st October 2017]. Smith, A., n.d. ADAM SMITH FREE TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE THEORY. [Online] Available at: https://www.economictheories.org/2008/07/adam-smith-free-trade-international.html [Accessed 21 October 2017]. Spencer, H., 1884. Herbert Spencer on the Survival of the Fittest. New Learning. Taylor, M., 2010. The Philosophy of Herbert Spencer. Bloomsbury Publishing. Wilson, J., 2013. Why did The Economist favour free trade? [Online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2013/09/economic-history [Accessed 21 October 2017].

Criminal Investigation

There are various methods of inquiry. These methods can be grouped into either scientific or non scientific methods. The preferred method of inquiry in criminal investigation is the scientific method. In this method, an investigator develops a hypothesis and then investigates the viability of the hypothesis, which is a similar procedure as used in science. In addition to the scientific method of inquiry, non-scientific methods are also used.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Investigation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The non scientific methods relate to authority, tenacity and intuition. Authority method of inquiry is where an investigator takes the words of a person in authority as true and relies on them for investigation (Wood, 1995). In criminal investigation, authority method of inquiry can apply where an investigator is influenced by individuals in authority in his or her investigation. For examp le, claims from senior police officers may influence the direction of an investigation. Tenacity is the other method of inquiry. In this method, an investigator relies on prior knowledge without questioning whether the information is true or not. In criminal investigation, tenacity can lead to bias in investigation. For example, when investigating a crime such as drug trafficking, prior knowledge of the common trend in drug trafficking may mislead the investigation. Intuition is the other common method of inquiry. In this method, an investigator uses inner feeling to direct the investigation. In criminal investigation, some investigators claim to use inner feeling to direct their investigation but the method is not reliable. To be successful, an investigator should have the right mindset. This means that he or she should not have a fixed mind while carrying out an investigation but should be open to all possibilities (Ray, 1998). Despite being open to all eventualities, an investiga tor should be guided by the obvious and then move to the details. It is expected that a good investigator should have a checklist, which he or she uses as a guide in an investigation. The mindset in investigation usually is derived from experience, training, observation and studies carried out on a subject. The mindset provides an investigator with a framework which he or she uses to carry out investigations. Experience is vital in criminal investigation. Experience exposes an investigator to many possibilities and therefore helps make an appropriate decision at the right time. Therefore, being open to all possibilities is equivalent to having an investigative mindset. The following scenario illustrates the importance of being open to all possibilities: A man crosses the border regularly on bicycle.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An investigator initially suspects the man to be a d rug trafficker but on checking, nothing suspicious is found on the man. Later, the man is found to be smuggling the bicycle he was ridding (Ray, 1998, p.4). The scenario shows the importance of considering many possibilities rather than having a fixed mindset. The scientific technique is the most reliable method of inquiry. It is also possibly the most common method. Scientific method is a logical method of carrying out an investigation. Unlike non scientific methods, the scientific method follows a specific procedure in finding an answer to a given problem (Hunter Dantzker, 2006). The scientific method assumes a healthy skepticism, which enables the investigator to approach a problem with an open mind. The main objective of scientific methods is to overcome any bias and therefore arrive at a conclusion in an objective manner. The first step in the scientific method is observation. After observations are made, the investigator develops a hypothesis, which he or she tries to test th rough the process of investigation (Becker, 2008). The investigator then identifies all the variables to the problem under investigation. Guided by the set hypothesis, the investigator evaluates the variables in order to support or reject the hypothesis. The results of a scientific study are obtained in an objective manner and are therefore justifiable. In a criminal investigation, the hypothesis defines the investigative problem in a precise manner. The investigator then goes ahead to conduct the test, gather the necessary information, and make predictions. The investigator then uses inductive reasoning to make conclusion based on gathered data. The objective of a criminal investigation is to gather information to determine whether crime has been committed in order to bring the individuals involved to book. A successful investigation should provide prove beyond doubt as to who was involved in a crime in order to allow justice to take its own course. In conducting investigations, in vestigators rely on various sources of information. The three main source of information include the people involved, physical evidence and records. The people involved in a crime include the victim, the suspect and witnesses (Palmiotto, 2004, p. 2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Investigation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The victim and witness provide first-hand information related to the crime and therefore guide the investigation. A witness refers to any person who has first-hand information on the circumstances under which the crime is committed. Witnesses help investigators to verify information provided by the victim or the suspect. On the other hand, physical evidence plays a significant role in criminal investigation. Do they not only provide evidence, which is important in a court of law but they also provide insights to the investigator. The records retained by criminal justice systems a re the other important source of information. The past criminal records and fingerprint records of the suspect among other records play a significant role in criminal investigation. Reference List Becker, R. (2008). Criminal Investigation, New York: Jones Bartlett Learning Hunter, R., Dantzker, M. (2006). Research Methods for Criminology and Criminal Justice: a primer, New York: Jones Bartlett Learning. Palmiotto, M. (2004). Criminal Investigation, Washington DC: University of America. Ray, D. (1998). Information-gathering Strategies: The Investigative Mindset, Web. Wood, A. (1995). Methods on Criminology inquiry, Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, 23(2), 78-86.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Criminal Investigation was written and submitted by user Keegan David to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Maurice Sendak essays

Maurice Sendak essays Maurice Sendak is one of the best known childrens author/illustrators in the world today. This extremely gifted genius was actually cultivating within his childhood many different memories from his youth which influenced the masterpieces he has created. Maurice Sendak was born June 10, 1928 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were poor immigrants from Poland who came to America before World War I. Many of his relatives died in the Holocaust which was an important influence upon his childhood. Sendak is the youngest of three children. He grew up under constant fear of his own death because he was very sick during childhood and was not allowed to go outside often. Therefore he was left alone with his imagination. Sendak grew up in a family of storytellers. His father told stories that were considered not for children. They were nightmare stories of death, love affairs, and other Jewish tales. His brother wrote stories and his sister bound them into books which they then sold on the sidewalks. He didnt like school much and wasn't good at sports, but he loved to read and often asked his sister to get him books from the library. His sister gave him his first book; Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper. He loves the book and still has it today. As a young adult, he liked adventure stories by authors such as Herman Melville. He began his work as an illustrator while he was still in high school. He helped in drawing the pictures from the comic strip, Mutt and Jeff into comic books (Gregory 2). He went to art school at the Art Students' League to continue his education. When Sendak was only nineteen years old, he co-authored his very first published book, Atomics for the Millions that was published in 1947. He graduated from high school in 1946. It was during this time that Maurice was introduced to the great children's editor Ursula Nordstrom. She was...

Job versus Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job versus Business - Essay Example Risk in establishing a business is just as great as are the opportunities associated with it. It is quite normal for a business to bring results contrary to the expectations of the owner. Success of a business fundamentally depends upon an individual’s luck. Nevertheless, if risks have been adequately assessed and catered for in the start and the business owner is able to make informed decisions as per the need of the hour, business provides an individual with much more benefits than job. A businessman does not wake up in the morning because he/she will be fined if he/she gets late or does not reach the office in time. Instead, the businessman feels a sense of responsibility to wake up and reach the office in time so that activities go as per the schedule. There is a great difference between the two conditions. In the former, there is fear of accountability whereas in the latter, there is sense of responsibility. Ownership of a business enables an individual to live the life o f a king whereas in a job, an individual’s condition is hardly different from a servant in practical terms. While running a business, one establishes one’s own rules for the others to follow, whereas in the job, one has to follow the rules established by the employer whether or not one finds them right. In the capacity of the owner of a business, one takes decisions that affect others while in the job, others’ decisions affect one. Lack of decision making power in the job does not provide an individual with sufficient room for intellectual growth in the profession. â€Å"You want to leave your mark on the world and change something. Running your own business enables you to do this to a greater extent than you could as an employee† (Robert Ashton, 2010). In addition to that, one can also decide to get rid of bad employees in the business but not in the job. A lot of women employees have to continue working for salary with the colleagues who harass them sex ually (Chaudhuri, 2006). They are not in the position to expel such colleagues from job because they are not business owners. The biggest advantage that business offers in comparison to the job is that it provides an individual with the opportunity to gain maximum benefit of his/her efforts. One may have to exert many times more in the job as compared to the exertion in a business, and yet, the reward in the job is many times less than what one gets in a business. In an attempt to impress the employer so that he would make slight addition to the current salary of the worker, the worker tends to work beyond the official duty hours and yet, there is little realization on the part of the employer in a vast majority of cases. Even if the employer does realize, there is little guarantee that he will appreciate the worker in terms of increment in the salary. After a whole year of extra work, the worker may have a 2 to 5 per cent increment in the salary upon the review of performance. On t he other hand, all profit made from the business becomes the property of the businessman. After one project, when the salaries of all staff have been paid, the business owner is left with an amount that he/she can not assemble after several projects as an employee. In addition to that, there is no retiring in business unlike job. â€Å"Let's say you join a company, degree in hand, at entry level. You move up the ladder for fifteen, twenty, even twenty-five years. Now you're a

Research Article Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Article - Research Paper Example This relationship is the essence of organizational behavior as Sims (2002) defines organizational behavior â€Å"as the actions and attitudes of people in the organization.† These actions and attitudes of people are greatly shaped by their personality traits and play a significant role in their organizational performance. Similarly, the research article also deals with the advancement of organizational effectiveness. This is done by providing ways to effectively manage the various dimensions of an individual’s personality such as extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience. Elanain’s (2007) article starts with an introduction which discusses previous researches regarding the relationship between personality and job performance. The existing literature indicates a significant relationship personality traits and performance dimensions. The introduction then gives a definition of personality traits as enduring patte rns of thought, emotion, and behavior that are not likely to change over time and explain people’s behavior across different situations. ... The article further indicates an inconsistency in the personality-performance relationship which is explained by individual variables and situational conditions that encourage or limit the influence of personality attributes on performance, and influence the relationship between personality traits and performance. In order to control the effects on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, an individual dimension (work locus of control) and situational dimension (organizational justice) are used. The introduction ends with an explanation of the purpose of the study which is to examine the relationship between FFM personality traits and OCB after controlling the impact of the control variables (Elanain, 2007). The overall introduction is quite logical and explanatory. It provides readers with the definitions and descriptions of variables involved in the study. Furthermore, the introduction also provides evidence from previous researches that support the existing research paper. On the othe r hand, the author mentions the purpose of the research at the end of the introduction, but there is no further explanation provided. In addition, there is no section of Problem of the Statement which would have been helped the readers understand the issue under study better (Elanain, 2007). Theoretical Framework/Hypotheses The author then discusses the literature review which is divided into three parts; the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of Personality, the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and predicting OCB from personality. Here the author provides the five dimensions of FFM that include, Extraversion (sociable vs. introverted), Agreeableness (cooperative vs. competitive), Conscientiousness (organized and planful vs. unorganized and careless),

International accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International accounting - Essay Example Being a member of the EU, Romania in order to comply by the requirements of the membership makes investments for modernization and development of its infrastructure. In the year 2008, Romania showed economic development by an impressive 7.1%, but since then there has been a decline with 1% in 2012. The public sectors act as the buyers of products and services, while the agriculture sector is funded by the EU or developmental banks like the World Bank among others (â€Å"Doing business in Romania†). In the 1990s, Romania started to reform its economy to make it completely market-based. The government applied reform methods between 2000 and 2007 in order to maintain growth and stability in the long run. Although there was economic growth in 2008, there was huge disparity in the income between Romania and the EU. For solution, the government implemented many flexible policies to allow firms to use their resources like labour and capital more efficiently (â€Å"Romania: Functiona l Review† 64). Legal environment and forms of business Structuring of market-based economy in Romania in the 1990s has stabilized the legal regulations of corporate entities. Business activities can be performed by any individual who has the professional qualifications to execute commercial activities, or by legal bodies who have documental rights and efficiency to perform business activities. The classes of business entities in Romania as per regulations are â€Å"commercial companies, regies autonomes, economic interest groups and European economic interest groups, authorised persons, individual enterprises and family enterprises.† (â€Å"Forms of doing business† 27) Joint ventures do not enjoy any legal status as stated by Romanian law and they concentrate on specific operation or series of operations. The members contribute funds and other assets for a common goal and get share of the profit and loss of the ventures. Joint ventures can have shareholders minim um of two with no limit to the maximum number. The number of shareholders can be one to 50 in case of limited liability companies which can include an individual or legal entity (â€Å"Forms of doing business† 27-28). The legal aspect of Romanian employment or Labor Code is governed by Law No. 53/2003, collective bargaining agreement by Law No. 130/1996 and labour conflicts are governed by Law No. 168/1999. Ad per the Labor Code, the terms of collective bargaining agreement that are agreed on at national level can be applied on all employers and employees in Romania in any kind of business activity (â€Å"Tax and legal guide....† 3). Capital markets For economic development of any country, an active capital market plays an essential role. The capital market should be such that national assets can be freely mobilized for serving the national economy. On the other hand, it should be able to effectively utilize the available financial resources. The role of foreign invest ment is important for maintaining competitive environment in the receiving country. Foreign investments generated by another economy have huge potential to accelerate the GDP. Similarly, in Romania financial sources in the form of external capital like foreign investments pave the way for both quantity and quality development of internal capital, and also allows optimum use of the unused available resources. With the development of capital market in Romania there emerges â€Å"

Disability In Sport Adverse Health And Social Care Essay

Disability In Sport Adverse Health And Social Care Essay The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) defines a disabled person as someone who has a physical or mental impairment that has a considerable and long- term adverse effect on their ability to perform every day tasks. (DDA, 2005). Access and inclusion into sport and physical activity is difficult for many people with a disabiltiy therefor changes must be made to ensure that every person wishing to take part can do so. This could be changing the facilities so that access is better for disabled people as well as modifying equipment and training programs so that everybody can access the facilities. There are many schemes in place to help give disabled people the opportunity to participate in sporting activities. The Federation of Disability Sport Wales (FDSW) is a pan-disability National Governing Body of Sport. The aim of the FDSW project is to expand and enforce excellent sporting opportunities for people with disabilities (Disability Sports Wales, 2004). Many studies have been carried out in an increased effort to find connections between disability and physical activity but despite this increased effort problems still remain. Many young disabled people would like to be included in sporting activities and in a study the majority of people surveyed expressed a preference to participate in a sporting environment if it was organised within a disability sports. (EFDS, 2005). Sports for the disabled still remain an understudied area and should be improved greatly if it is to develop. A development for disability in sport is needed because there are people who cannot participate in sport because of reasons beyond their own control. For most disabled people, their disability is not the barrier and therefore more should be done to overcome barriers that could be easily eradicated (Barton, 1989) Many health and social benefits have been linked with a physical lifestyle. This is also true for those individuals who have a disability or long term health condition. Physical activity can not only decrease the danger of secondary health problems but can also improve all levels of functioning (Hidde et al. 2004). The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) defines a disabled person as someone who has a physical or mental impairment that has a considerable and long- term adverse effect on their ability to perform every day tasks. (DDA, 2005). For people with a disability, accessing sporting activities can be difficult as there may not be many facilities to provide for them. Also the sports that they are able to access may not be suitable for them to be included therefore adaptations must be made to the sports to give them the opportunity to participate (Jette, 2003). This should include participation with able bodied participants also. There are schemes which run to organize safe and enjoyable sporting activities for disable people, as well as schemes that look to give access, inclusion and participation in sport for disabled and able bodied people alike (Finch et al, 2001). The Federation of Disability Sport Wales (FDSW) is a pan-disability National Governing Body of Sport. The aim of the FDSW project is to expand and enforce excellent sporting opportunities for disabled people (Disability Sports Wales, 2004) This scheme is set in Wales but there are other schemes that work towards promoting and developing disability sport throughout the UK. This report will look at disability in sport. The main issues that will be looked at are access to take part in sports as well as the inclusion for disability in the sports. With these factors being identified, participation levels for disability in sport will be examined to see what areas of the UK are working towards giving equal opportunities for disabled children and adults. Rimmer et al, (2006) reported that an investigation was carried out into the accessibility of health clubs and leisure centre for disable people. The investigation studied thirty-five health clubs and fitness services in a nationalized field test in which a new piece of equipment was used. The Accessibility Instruments Measuring Fitness and Recreation Environments (AIMFREE), was used for measuring the ease of access of fitness amenities in the built environment, the available equipment and swimming pools. In addition the information available to the service users was measured along with the facility guidelines, and the professional behaviour of the staff working within the facilities. All the facilities that the test was carried out on confirmed low to moderate levels of accessibility. Some of the deficiencies showed a cause for concern with the Disability Act guidelines regarding the built setting; other problems related to parts of the facility such as the equipment, information, p olicies, and professional staff (Davies, 2002). Many studies have been carried out in an increased effort to find connections between disability and physical activity but despite this increased effort problems still remain (Fitzgerald, 2008). Hezkiah (2005) stated that young disabled people demonstrated low levels of physical activity and perceptual motor difficulties compared to young people without a disability. This low level of activity and motor learning affects their ability to learn. Major barriers to young disabled people include language conception which is vital for following commands, and physical disabilities, which have an effect on their capability to carry out motor skills (Gatward and Burrell, 2002; Gordon and Williams, 2003). These limits can have an effect on their motivation and add to restricted opportunities for regular involvement in movement, physical activity and sports, which consecutively affects their capability to develop and progress in life. Finch et al (2001) set out to perceive the consequences of the barriers linked with disability and how it affects their levels of exercise. During the study many questions were asked to the participants were and asked to answer for a range of information, and were then asked to specify which physical activities they participate in. The subjects were asked to provide the reasons preventing their contribution to exercise. No clear inclusion or exclusion instructions were given therefore the reasons would be their own personal feelings. Findings of the study have shown that 20% of the participants acknowledged that their disability was one of the barriers preventing them from additional physical activity, with half of the participants expressing it as the most important grounds as to why they do not take part in more physical activities. Current injury or disability was a barrier to physical activity in older people more often than younger participants. Injury or disability was the main difficulty to participate in physical activity for people who are overweight or obese based upon their body mass index (BMI). This reason was stated more frequently than for those who were underweight or standard weight. Another finding during the study suggested that current injury or disability was a major barrier for people who were inactive compared to people with high levels of physical activity. The findings suggested the importance to target the support of physical activity available to overweight and older adults particularly to get them active by giving them access to facilities along with the inclusion to the activities. They go on to identify the problems that can occur with disability. They state that a person would stop exercising because of a disability rather than just becoming overweight and not exercise because of the weight problem. Rimmer et al (2004) recognized a variety of barriers and facilitators that were associated with participation levels in health and leisure programs and amenities amongst persons with disabilities. The results showed that the participants reported 178 barriers and 130 facilitators. The problems identified were barriers and facilitators connected to the built and natural environment along with economic issues. Emotional and psychological barriers were also identified as a problem. The amount of involvement in activities among disabled people is a problem due to a set of barriers and facilitators. Future research could utilize information conducted by Rimmer et al (2004) to develop participation schemes that have a superior probability of accomplishment. A report from the EFDS, (2005) showed that whilst young disabled people valued sport and recreation opportunities, they do not access their chances for physical activity on a regular basis. Disability is not a barrier to participation in sport and leisure. Regardless of rising guidelines and legislation encouraging improved participation in sports and physical exercise by young disabled people, only a restricted quantity of young disabled people do take part in physical activity. Only a small number of young disabled people can access sporting activities and opportunities outside the activities obtainable inside curricular time which includes after-school clubs, community opportunities, and general play. The persons impairment was the most significant factor to be found to have an effect on physical activity involvement. Those with multiple impairments were far less probable to take part than those with a single impairment (Maloney et al, 1993). The most frequent curriculum sports linked with disability and exercise was Athletics, Ball Games, Boccia, Cricket, Football and Swimming. There are many barriers to participation which included access to facilities and equipment. Improvements in facilities and access to equipment would improve access to sports and recreation opportunities (Williams, 2005) In studies, young disabled people have expressed a fondness for taking part in physical activity when participating in a sporting environment particularly if it was organised within a sports club specifically for other people with comparable disabilities. With consideration to the type of activity, results showed that young disabled people would like to join in physical activities that young disabled people already participating in (EFDS, 2005). There are many initiatives set up to give disabled people a chance to take part in sport and physical actvity (Norwich, 2007). The Inclusive Fitness Initiative (IFI) is a proposal that supports the fitness production to develop into a more inclusive plan that can cater for the needs of both disabled and non-disabled people alike. Through a variety of developments, the initiative has maintained facilities across England to produce a comprehensive service which results in increasing participation levels by disabled people. Parasport is a combined proposal set up in a joint initiative invloving the British Paralympic Association (BPA) and the services services firm Deloitte. Their aim is to amplify participation levels in competitive sporting events. Parasport aims to improve the identification of sports people and aims to support them at a community level. They set out to provide bursaries to assist talented and potentially top class athletes through a joint venture with SportsAid. Parasport is ran by the BPA. The BPA is the body responsible for the elite side of disability sport, although the Parasport scheme is availiable for all abilities to take part. Another initiative in place is The Talented Athlete Scholarship Scheme (TASS). This scheme is set up in England and aims to help young athletes committed to improving their potenital by sport and education. Currently there are 50 sports eligible for TASS, of which 16 are disability sports. This scheme is open to people aged between 16 and 25, with an upper age limit of 35 for people with a disablity. The scheme can provide a package of sporting activities to athletes and give them the ability to access high quality training facilities. An athletics initiative has been launched in by the Sports Council Wales to encourage more children with disabilities to participate in sport. Combined with the Federation of Disability Sport Wales, athletics sessions have been introduced where children can join in with fun sessions delivered by skilled volunteers from Welsh Athletics. The Disability Sport Wales National Community Development Programme is an initiative set up in conjunction with the Sports Council for Wales, the Federation of Disability Sport Wales and 22 local authorities across Wales. The proposal aims to develop excellent community based sporting and leisure opportunities for disabled people throughout Wales (Hughes, 2009) Arthur and Finch (1999) said that people with a disability might recognise the physical and social benefits resulting from participating in physical activity generally. However, a failure to recognise specific guidelines on the necessary frequency and extent of physical activity in order to achieve such benefits, particularly amongst older people, contributes to low participation levels. External barriers that have resulted in a lack of opportunity to contribute in physical activity among people with a disability have been widely discussed in literature (Arthur and Finch, 1999;; Doll-Tepper, 1999; DePauw and Gavron, 2005). Research has shown a range of issues, which include a lack of confidence. With the opportunity to participate, the confidence would grow and give the people a chance to be active. A Lack of physical and emotional support was also a factor that caused people with a disability not to take part in sport and physical activity. Not having someone to go with to the gym or sporting facility is another barrier (DePauw and Gavron, 2005). According to Arthur and Finch (1999), this poses a greater problem for those people with a disability who need some kind of physical, oral or visual assistance or moral support. Lack of information was a big factor in reasons to why they did not participate in sport. Arthur and Finch (1999) found that a lack of information held by people with a disability led to low awareness of the sorts of possible sporting activities and appropriate sport facilities. According to the English Federation of disability sport (2000), the lack of access to information has worsened. Lockwood and Lockwood (1997) and Doll-Tepper (1999) both said that the subsistence of poorly trained service providers, unsuitable activities and inflexible programmes as areas of particular concern. Both Arthur and Finch (1999) and DePauw and Gavron (1995) raise the issue of a lack of available facilities and say that the blame for this is due to cuts in funding. Arthur and Finch (1999) found that poor physical access at existing facilities could present a barrier to the participation of people with a disability in sporting activities, in terms of the inappropriate design of buildings, lack of aids and adaptations to equipment. Negative attitudes towards disability include those of other facility users. DePauw and Gavron (1995) found that college students held negative and stereotypical attitudes towards the inclusion of individuals with a disability in physical education and sport. Arthur and Finch (1999) found a correlation between the negative and conventional attitudes of other sport centre users. This then produced a lack of confidence and motivation for people with a disability. National statistics show the lowest participation rates for disabled people. They produced a Taking part and active people survey which showed that 8.8 9.5% disabled adults participated in regular moderate activity (Sport England, 2006; DCMS, 2007). It also found that 44% of disabled young people did not take part in regular physical activity (Sport England, 2001) Research has shown that disabled young people do participate in sport both in and out of school (Finch et al, 2001). However, both the overall rate of participation and the frequency with which disabled young people take part in sport is lower than for young people in general. There are also important differences between participation in school compared with out of school participation. In school young disabled people participated in sport more frequently than they did out of school. However, this pattern was the reverse for all young people (Corneliben and Pfeifer, 2007) An initiative set up in Ireland is called Disability Sport Donegal. This scheme aims to give children an opportunity to participate in sporting activities. They aim to offer a wide range of activities that include Boccia and martial arts. They develop the programme for inclusion into sports for disabled people. They also look to form a relationship with local schools to include children in sporting activities. With the inclusion within schools they can then develop programmes out side of school and give opportunities to disabled children and adults to take part in sports clubs that provide the safe, fun environment and facilities that are needed to give a wider range of activities to disabled people (Donegal Sports 2007) Research has shown that many people with a disability do not take part in sport because they dont have access to the facilities or equipment they needed (Paciorek and Jones, 2001). In addition travel was shown to be a barrier as they were unable to get to and from any accessible venues. Lack of information was a problem for the many of the participants and parents because they were unaware of facilities or clubs offering activities for disability. Organisations were identified during the questioning, including Viva project and RCT Tigers. Viva is a registered Charity that was established in November 1992 to work with young people with a disability aged between 11 and 25 with who live in Rhondda Cynon Taff. The ethos of the Viva project is to facilitate and support all the youth service members to become fully involved in community activities. Viva believes that this ethos can encourage young people to develop better liberty and make more choices for themselves. The main aim of Viva is to challenge their service members to raise their ambitions while they broaden their experiences and abilities. They try to give confidence to the members to develop greater independence and make more knowledgeable choices for themselves. At the same time they aim to elevate community awareness in accepting disabled people as valued members of the community (Sports Council Wales, 2006) Vivas aim is to create equal and respected relationships between disabled young people and their non disabled peers. They look for disabled young people to participate in active community amenities, which they may have been conventionally excluded from because of the stigma and separation that is related with disability. Viva believe that by giving young people the same chances as their peers, people can learn and work together to meet the challenges we face in life. RCT Tigers FC is a pan disability football club for young children in the Rhondda Cynon Taff Area which was set up in January 2008. It was founded to improve opportunities for disability sports in Rhondda Cynon Taff. With these organisations set up it is important that extra work is conducted to make them successful. It is imperative because without these organisations people with a disability would not be able to take part in any sport or physical activity. It is also important to develop new initiatives as well as making the existing organisations more accessible by better information and promotion. With the development of initiatives, disability in sport can develop and give opportunity to people where participation would be difficult and inaccessible (Yuen et al, 2007). In conclusion I feel that physical activity and sports participation can improve a disabled persons health and well-being. Regular exercise and inclusion in sports by disabled people is as important as it is for their active counterparts. Professionals working with people with disabilities should enthusiastically encourage participation in sports and recreation activities. The relationship of sports for the disabled is difficult. Sports are a rehabilitating tool for integration into society and a way for them to remain active. In addition, sports and disability as portrayed by the media often still broadcast existing stereotypes that erect social barriers for the disabled, in the area of social perception (Barton, 2001) Sports for the disabled still remain an understudied area and should be improved greatly if it is to develop. A development for disability in sport is needed because there are people who cannot participate in sport because of reasons beyond their own control. For most disabled people, their disability is not the barrier and therefore more should be done to overcome barriers that could be easily eradicated (Barton, 1989)

Anomalies are Not Always Wrong :: Transexual Transvestite Essays

Anomalies are Not Always Wrong Transsexualism, as well as transvestism, has had a long yet obscure history. Bryan Tully in Accounting for Transsexualism and Transhomosexuality writes, "In Antiquity, Hippocrates considered transvestism in men to be an illness sent by the Gods" (1). His comments indicate how long transvestism has existed and been recognized. Tully also explains that the first report of transsexualism in medical history took place around 1853, yet neither transsexualism nor transvestism were scientifically researched until after the Second World War. Around the 1950's the most famous account of transsexualism, meaning an actual operation, occurred when a Danish man named George Jorgensen was surgically castrated to make him "feel" more like a woman. He also got his name changed to Christine Jorgensen. By using these accounts, it can be understood that these are not "new" fads, but true dilemmas that have their own history. Transsexualism and transvestism are variations from society's views of "normal" sexual behavior. These variations of the norm are explained as being disorders and are almost exclusively found in men. Transvestism is the activity of cross-dressing for sexual arousal from that specific object, whether it be clothing, shoes, or what. This can simply be called a fetish. The reasoning behind the few cases reported of female transvestism is explained in the following statement. "The culture apparently permits a greater range of fashion to women. The male transvestite wears female undergarments and uses makeup to achieve a female appearance" (Feinbloom 17). The only reason transvestites do not cross-dress for is to "transform themselves temporarily into an entity that more closely matches their own identity" (Brown 36). This is a description of why a transsexual would cross-dress. This is the difference between transvestites and transsexuals. Transvestites feel that their assigned gender is "correct" for them, and transsexuals do not feel that theirs is necessarily "correct". This mind and body incongruity of the transsexual has also been recently referred to as gender identity disorder (GID). Male cross-dressing can be divided into three groups: homosexual (attracted to the same sex) transvestites, heterosexual (attracted to the opposite sex) transvestites, and bisexual (attracted to both sexes) transvestites. Homosexual transvestites dress for egotistical reasons or to be sexually attractive to other men. Heterosexual transvestites are compulsive cross-dressers. In the beginning their cross-dressing is purely for erotic purposes. "To use as a measure of the sources of genital pleasure and self-identity, both the homosexual and heterosexual male transvestite see themselves as male and would be most uncomfortable at the thought of sex-reassignment surgery" (Feinbloom 18). Anomalies are Not Always Wrong :: Transexual Transvestite Essays Anomalies are Not Always Wrong Transsexualism, as well as transvestism, has had a long yet obscure history. Bryan Tully in Accounting for Transsexualism and Transhomosexuality writes, "In Antiquity, Hippocrates considered transvestism in men to be an illness sent by the Gods" (1). His comments indicate how long transvestism has existed and been recognized. Tully also explains that the first report of transsexualism in medical history took place around 1853, yet neither transsexualism nor transvestism were scientifically researched until after the Second World War. Around the 1950's the most famous account of transsexualism, meaning an actual operation, occurred when a Danish man named George Jorgensen was surgically castrated to make him "feel" more like a woman. He also got his name changed to Christine Jorgensen. By using these accounts, it can be understood that these are not "new" fads, but true dilemmas that have their own history. Transsexualism and transvestism are variations from society's views of "normal" sexual behavior. These variations of the norm are explained as being disorders and are almost exclusively found in men. Transvestism is the activity of cross-dressing for sexual arousal from that specific object, whether it be clothing, shoes, or what. This can simply be called a fetish. The reasoning behind the few cases reported of female transvestism is explained in the following statement. "The culture apparently permits a greater range of fashion to women. The male transvestite wears female undergarments and uses makeup to achieve a female appearance" (Feinbloom 17). The only reason transvestites do not cross-dress for is to "transform themselves temporarily into an entity that more closely matches their own identity" (Brown 36). This is a description of why a transsexual would cross-dress. This is the difference between transvestites and transsexuals. Transvestites feel that their assigned gender is "correct" for them, and transsexuals do not feel that theirs is necessarily "correct". This mind and body incongruity of the transsexual has also been recently referred to as gender identity disorder (GID). Male cross-dressing can be divided into three groups: homosexual (attracted to the same sex) transvestites, heterosexual (attracted to the opposite sex) transvestites, and bisexual (attracted to both sexes) transvestites. Homosexual transvestites dress for egotistical reasons or to be sexually attractive to other men. Heterosexual transvestites are compulsive cross-dressers. In the beginning their cross-dressing is purely for erotic purposes. "To use as a measure of the sources of genital pleasure and self-identity, both the homosexual and heterosexual male transvestite see themselves as male and would be most uncomfortable at the thought of sex-reassignment surgery" (Feinbloom 18).

Peer review on leadership Essay

The journal article that was selected selected explored the possible influences of situational moderators on the effectiveness of Transformational Leadership. It is one of several articles found to be focused on this type of leadership and its relationship to employee motivation. By definition, transformation leadership involves the practice of altering the thoughts and attitudes of employees or subordinates to motivate them to perform beyond what is expected of them (Bass, 1985). The journal article â€Å"Follower Motive Patterns as Situational Moderators for Transformational Leadership Effectiveness† (Goodwin, Whittington, & Wofford, 2001) argued that the effects of transformational leadership outcomes could be determined by situational factors. Whereas other areas of leadership research had been explored on such situational aspects, the authors stated that there is a lack of research on situational determinants for Transformational leadership. To be specific, they identified subordinate motive factors such as growth need strength and need for autonomy as the independent factors for their study based on a brief but relevant literature review. They hypothesized that these two factors would have positive significant correlations with transformational leadership effectiveness. Their method consisted of having participants (managers and subordinates) from a U. S. government engineering services agency answer several scaled questionnaires. These included the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire-5X (MLQ), a 5-point scale assessment of leader effectiveness, Job Description Index (JDI), growth need strength assessment scale developed by Hackman and Oldham (1974 in Goodwin, et al 2001) and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) by Edwards (1953 in Goodwin, et al 2001). The researches used multiple regression analyses and within-and-between analysis WABA) to generate the results of their study. The findings showed that when the growth need strength was high, groups of subordinates were assessed to be more effective by leaders who were rated as transformational. Similarly, leaders assessed as transformational appraised their groups as more effective when the need for autonomy was high. These results supported the authors’ hypothesis which led them to conclude that situational moderators such as individual motive patterns indeed have influence over the effectiveness of transformational leadership. The study was a significant contribution to the idea that transformational leadership could be integrated to other paradigms. While the study was limited to only two potential situational moderators, the researches gave strong indications that there could be other situational factors such as task, group, and organizational characteristics that could be examined in future research undertakings.

Picture of Dorian Gray and Devil Wears Prada Essay

Picture of Dorian Gray and Devil Wears Prada Essay The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada Essay The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada Essay Speaking about superficiality and corruption of a personality, it is evident that these are the negative phenomena that spoil an individual, damage his/her positive characteristics, and destroy his/her moral image. Everything, even the nature of a personality, is built on opposition. It means that a personality tears between good and evil, conscience and temptation, love and egoism, positive and negative moral influences. The struggle of these oppositions is depicted in the novel of Oscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian Gray and in the American movie The Devil Wears Prada. The main characters of the novel and the movie did not struggle for staying moral people and followed not positive examples. The Negative Consequences of Superficiality and Corruption in The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Lord Henry gives Dorian Gray a French book about hedonistic lifestyles and Dorian begins to engage in this hedonism. They are focused on pleasure, enjoyment, beauty, and sexual desires. In The Devil wears Prada, Andrea, a quiet girl, is turning into a different person by being influenced by the fashion society both physically and mentally. Dorian is a superficial person, as well as Andrea becomes superficial in the fashion society. In both works, corruption would eventually emerge towards the end. Dorian appears as the innocent youth at the beginning of the novel. Under Lord Henrys influence, he becomes corrupt and eventually begins corrupting other young people himself. Superficiality in The Picture of Dorian Gray is connected with the notions of selfishness, supernatural beauty, narcissism, false love, cynics, etc. Corruption is associated with â€Å"the corrupted beauty† when a person has a beautiful appearance, but an ugly soul. However, this person is not aware of this or does not want to do this. Superficiality in The Devil Wears Prada is connected with correspondence of an inner world to clothes and laws of fashion. Superficiality and corruption are displayed in this film when the main character is transformed from a shy and intelligent girl into a fashionable and stylish one. However, this is not her intention. She is influenced by her boss Miranda. The scientific novelty of the paper attempts to analyze The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada and to identify similarities and differences between the main characters. This paper intends to underline the peculiarities of superficiality, corruption, and negative influence with the help of two characters: Andrea and Dorian Gray. The theoretical value of this study is the attempt to investigate similarities and differences of the novel and the movie. The obtained data is hoped to make a contribution to the literature. The aim is to show the immorality of actions of the two characters and conditions that influenced their development. The practical advantage of the paper is the fact that one can apply the data to studying literature. Besides, one can use this paper for studying moral principles of behavior. The main questions addressed in this research paper are the following: to reveal main themes, images, and similarities in The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada; to show the impact of â€Å"negative consequences†, â€Å"superficiality†, and â€Å"corruption†; and to reveal changes in the characters behaviour. Main Themes, Images, and Similarities in The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada Speaking about The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada, one can say that these are absolutely different works with different characters and themes. However, if one analyzes both works carefully, one can find many similarities, especially in terms of central themes and images. First of all, one should pay the attention to themes. The Picture of Dorian Gray arouses the theme of corruption of a personality. A young and extremely handsome man Dorian Gray makes everybody fall in love with him. However, Dorian Gray is influenced negatively and corrupted by Lord Henry. This is Lord Henry who incites Dorian Gray to admire his appearance. Dorian Gray is even ready to give up his soul for being eternally young. He sells his soul and does not even think that it was the most valuable treasure he had. With the help of The Picture of Dorian Gray, the author proved that the amoral art did not exist, â€Å"the moral life of man forms part of the subject-matter of the artist, but the morality of art consists in the perfect use of an imperfect medium† (Wilde 5). Another theme revealed in this novel is the theme of morality. The image of Dorian Gray helps to understand that any immoral actions can have the negative consequences. Beauty cannot make the soul beautiful as only moral actions can do this. Philosophy of morality is very intricate and one can notice that in The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada. The two main characters, Andrea and Dorian Gray, have their own philosophy of morality. While Andrea hesitates in her actions and doubts the morality of her choices, Dorian Gray does not admit his immoral conduct. This is Lord Henry who turns Dorian Gray to immorality. He is convinced that one should live for pleasure, realizing ones wishes and desires even if it contradicts moral principles and rules. This is a life credo of Lord Henry and he imposes it on Dorian Gray. He says: The mutilation of the savage has its tragic survival in the self-denial that mars our lives. We are punished for our refusals. (†¦) The body sins once, and is done with its sin, for action is a mode of purification. Nothing remains but the recollection of a pleasure, or luxury of a regret. The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it. Resist and your soul grows sick with longing for the things it has forbidden to itself, with desire for what its monstrous laws have made monstrous and unlawful. (Wilde 25) Comparing with all the characters in this novel, Dorian Gray is the most selfish and cynical one, especially when it concerns love. For example, Basil’s position is: â€Å"Do not talk like that about anyone you love, Dorian. Love is a more wonderful thing than Art† (Wilde 73). As a result, Dorian Gray does not know love and sincere feelings. The main problem of this novel is the corruption of the soul. Oscar Wilde described in details the process of destruction of the personality because of selfishness and narcissism. The main image of this novel is Dorian Gray and one can observe his evolution under the influence of people who surround him, his attitude to himself, his understanding of beauty and superiority. One can name Dorian Gray a weak person as he is a conformist; he is restricted to his own world and is limited in terms of development. Implicit homoerotic themes are hidden in The Portrait of Dorian Gray. The relationships between Harry, Dorian, and Basil display queer connection, autoerotism, and homosexuality. The portrait symbolizes a queer man with double life, split of self-representation as the element of survival, split between essence and appearance, struggle with identity, and contradiction between the inner world and the exterior one. The portrait is a form of self-love, erotic penetration, homosexual love, and autoerotism (Hansen 2011). As to the movie The Devil Wears Prada, the main theme is the desire of the main character to get into the snooty fashionable environment. Andrea withstands everything like mockery, sneers, humiliation in order to prove that she is ready to do anything to get this job. At first, Andrea is indifferent to the attitude of her colleagues and her boss Miranda. However, soon she begins changing and listening to advice of surrounding people. Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl and the same happens with Andrea. Comparing with Dorian Gray who provokes very contradictory feelings, Andrea evokes sympathy, desire to help and support. In spite of her beauty, she is persuaded that she is far from perfection and that she can never reach such a level as Miranda. If in Dorian Gray one could see too much self-confidence and selfishness, here one could see too much underestimation and lack of self-confidence. In both cases, there is no golden middle ground. Too much self-confidence is as bad as lack of self-confidence. Dorian Gray is in a better condition as he is only busy with himself and his life. However, Andrea should struggle for taking a comfortable place in the society. She works a lot and is as busy as a bee. One cannot say that she is self-centered. However, this self-centrism is felt when Andrea turns into fashionable woman who reaches her goals and gets the job. It is also necessary to mention that Andrea has chosen the wrong example to follow, i.e. Miranda. Miranda does not admit love, feelings, sympathy, etc. She is completely devoted to her career. As to Dorian Gray, he listens to Lord Henry who convinces him of his beauty. Ellmann states: â€Å"Dorian has like Wilde experimented with two forms of sexuality, love of women and men† (p. 297). However, studying the relationships of Dorian Grey and his attitude to men and women, one can say that this narcissistic boy is not able to love. He does not know the real essence of these feelings. Dorian Gray’s aim is to seduce and then to ruin a person. The chemist Alan Campbell and Lady Gwendolen are the victims of his love. Impact of Negative Consequences of Influences, Superficiality, and Corruption on Dorian Gray and Adrian Speaking about the notion of superficiality in The Picture of Dorian Gray, it is necessary to mention that this notion is connected with youth and beauty. Youth and beauty are not everlasting things; that is why, one who pays too much attention to them is superficial and selfish. In this novel, beauty reigns. Dorian Gray is completely devoted to himself; he studies rare tapestries, jewels, and music. He distances himself from everyday routine. In The Devil Wears Prada, the notion of superficiality is connected with the tough world of fashion business. Andrea, on the contrary, is completely absorbed in her work and career, completely forgetting about her private life. One can notice that Andrea lives not her life, but a life of her boss Miranda. Andrea forgets about her life she had before accepting the job. She changes her image in terms of clothes and these changes influence her inner world. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, there are the negative consequences of influences. Dorian Gray is influenced by Lord Henry who convinces Dorian of his beauty and changes his vision of life. Dorian Gray lives in a society where beauty, physical attractiveness, and youth are highly estimated. As a result, Dorian is influenced badly by a high society. In The Devil Wears Prada, there are also the negative consequences of influences, but they have a different nature comparing with the novel about Dorian Gray. Andrea is influenced by her boss Miranda and her colleagues. Besides, it is her success that makes her change. Andrea lives in a society where success, career, fashionable clothes are highly estimated. The superficiality of the society is â€Å"the driving force† of corruption for Dorian Gray and Andrea and â€Å"restraining force† of the development of their soul and inner world. As a result, Dorian Gray experiences freedom, forgetting about any moral and ethical principles. There is much evidence proving that a person is developing when he/she is busy with any affair. As to Dorian Gray, he is completely absorbed in art, but such devotion limits him and provokes his immoral behavior. Speaking about Andrea, she is also devoted to her career too much, forgetting about her friends and pleasant moments of her life. Such devotion deprives her of happiness and satisfaction. For his part, Dorian Gray has power over Basil and manipulates him like he himself has been manipulated by Lord Henry. Lord Henry states: â€Å"Something terribly enthralling in the exercise of influence.† Indeed, it is very difficult to avoid somebodys influence, but it is possible to balance this influence and define whether it is positive or negative. Speaking about the level of corruption of Dorian Gray and Andrea, it is necessary to say that they are different. Dorian Gray undergoes complete corruption of his soul, but with Andrea it is only partial corruption. Moreover, Andrea changes her behavior as at the beginning she is shown as a modest and very kind-hearted girl. One cannot say this about Dorian Gray. Not less important aspect of The Portrait of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada is the corruption of personality. When it comes to Dorian Gray, one may speak about complete corruption, including all sides of his life. As to Andrea, she is corrupted not completely as she has her own opinion and attitude to life. These two characters differ in their character and will. Despite Dorian being self-confident and selfish, he is a weak personality. He does not know how to struggle for being himself. He undergoes quick changes under the influence of other people. Andrea is a strong personality, but on the background of Miranda she is becoming a weak one. Andrea is characterized with lack of self-confidence and uncertainty. Dorian Gray is aware of his physical beauty, so there is no evolution in his attitude to himself. Andrea is not aware of her beauty and her talent in the fashion business, so one can notice the evolution in her attitude to herself. Even without any evolutions in the Dorians behaviour, a reader observes the ugliness of his soul. Without doubt, a novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and a movie The Devil Wears Prada have many similarities, especially when it concerns themes and images. Both characters have suffered from corruption, negative influence, and superficiality. These are really problematic points, and in spite of differences in characters behavior and education, their actions prove their weakness and unwillingness to be themselves. Both sources are common in that their characters want to be in the centre of attention, to be praised, admired, and impressed. Dorian Gray has it in his blood. As to Andrea, she wants this under the influence of her surrounding in which she spends too much time. The main thing is that the authors of these works do not condemn the behavior of the characters. They give an opportunity to their readers and viewers to make their own conclusions. Differences in the behaviour of Dorian Gray can be explained through the theme of private life. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, there are triangular relationships of Dorian Gray, Lord Henry Wotton, and Basil Hallward. However, studying the relationships of Dorian Gray and his attitude to men and women, one can say that this narcissistic boy is not able to love. He does not know the real essence of these feelings. Dorian Gray’s aim is to seduce and then to ruin a person. The chemist Alan Campbell and Lady Gwendolen are the victims of his love. As to Andrea, she has a loving man who condemns her passion of the fashion business and her changes; that is why, Andrea is not as corrupted as Dorian Gray. Frankly speaking, The Devil Wears Prada helps to understand The Picture of Dorian Gray in a bit different light. At first, I categorically condemned the actions of Dorian Gray. However, Andrea helped me to understand that she was not corrupted completely as she was a strong personality and she had friends and a loving man who began to ignore her because of her conduct. As to Dorian Gray, he was too weak to struggle with selfishness and people who surrounded him (they were not his friends) and only reinforced this selfishness and love of himself. The Devil Wears Prada helped me to understand that the problems of corruption, negative influence, and superficiality are modern notions. In spite of changes of values in the society, the problem remains urgent and sharp. live CHAT In conclusion, it is necessary to say that the themes of The Portrait of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada are similar. Superficiality and corruption of the personality are depicted differently in both works. In The Portrait of Dorian Gray, the narcissistic nature of the main character is evident. One cannot become selfish as one is born selfish, and this feature is developing under the influence of different circumstances and people. Comparing with Dorian Gray who provokes very contradictory feelings, Andrea evokes sympathy, desire to help and support. In spite of her beauty, she is persuaded that she is far from perfection and that she could never reach such a level as Miranda. If in Dorian Gray one could see too much self-confidence and selfishness, here one could see too much underestimation and lack of self-confidence. In both cases, there is no golden middle ground. Too much self-confidence is as bad as lack of self-confidence. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, superficiality is connected with youth and beauty. In The Devil Wears Prada, the notion of superficiality is connected with the tough world of fashion business. In conclusion, it is necessary to say that the themes of The Portrait of Dorian Gray and The Devil Wears Prada are similar. Superficiality and corruption of the personality are depicted differently in both works. In The Portrait of Dorian Gray, the narcissistic nature of the main character is evident. One cannot become selfish, one is born selfish, and this feature is developing under the influence of different circumstances and people.